Lining construction for mine galleries, shaft tunnels, and the like



Feb- 9, 1932- H. scHAx-:FER x-:T AL

l 1,844,184Y LINING CONSTRUCTION FOR MINE GALLERIES, SHAFT TUNNELS, AND THE LIKE Original Filed June 3. 192'. 2 Sheets-Sheet l /M/F/v To /te hmmm Feb. 9, 1932. H. scHAEFi-:R ET Au.

LINING CONSTRUCTION FOR MINE GALLERIES, SHAFT TUNNELS AND THE LIKE Z Sheets-Sheet 2 original Filed June 5. 1927 the Patented Feb. 9, 1932 UNITED STATES finxrslrlr oFFlc HANNS SCHAEFER AN'Dl HEIIIRECH SGHAEFER, 0F ESSEN-RHR, GERMANY, ASSIGNORS TO THE FIRM: N. V. MONTANIA, THE HAC-HIE, NETHERLANDS LINING`CONSTRUCTION FOR MINE GALLERIES, SHAFT TUNNELS, .AND THE LIKE Original application filed .Tune 3, 1927, Serial No. 196,327, and in Germany July 3, 1926. Divided and `this application filed November 9, 1928. Serial No. 318,286.

Our invention relates to improvements in lining constructions for mine galleries, shaft .tunnels and the like, and the Obj ect of the invention is to devise a lining composed ot ring or arched sections of construction blocks in which the respective segments of each section shall be capable of being swung relatively to .the remaining segments to alter the contormation of the cross sectional shape of the liningsection upon the application of inward rock pressure in any particular direction.

A furtherV object is to devise yieldable means between the inner portions of the end blocks of each section.

A still further object is to provide means forreinforcingthe end blocks ot each segment so thatV their compressive strengths will be greater than that of the remaining blocks .of .the segments.

. Another object is to provide bonding means in the sections of the lining to take care ot tensile stresses.

In our copending application Serial No. 196,327 filed J une 3, 1927, of which this is a divisional application we have disclosed yieldable means whereby the peripheral lengthv of' each section may be shortened under' the application of external rock pressures, acting in an, inward direction. In contradistinction to this, inthe present application, the peripheral length of the section does not vary substantially under theapplioationof Athe rock pressures, the cross sectional shape'merely changing to compensate 'for 4such pressures. In other words, the section issolely distortable inshape, and not in shape, and in, peripheral length as in the Vabove referred to Vcopending application.

XVe are aware that it has hitherto been ments of integral construction in which the .ends'of the segmentsare separated by longitudinally l`extending' members.

being constructed of individual construction blocks, .permit of considerable .distortion as individual segments are themselves susceptible to a certain degree of distortion as to shape.A Moreover, the endblocks of adjacent segments abutting each other and there being no longitudinal membersbetween sections, each sectionis permitted individual distortion depending upon the stresses applied to it. The; preferred embodiments of our invention are illustrated in the drawings in which z-f- Fig. l depicts a cross sectional viewV ofja lining construction according to ourinvention in which the end blocks of adjacent segments abut one another toward the outer periphery of the section and yieldable inserts are introduced toward the inner periphery of the section. Y j

Figs. 2 and?) illustrate in cross section modiiied constructions to that illustrated in Figure 1. v Fig. t represents in cross section a fragmentary-view of a jointot modified form between adjacent segments of a section.

In the constructionV depicted Ain Fig. l, each segment of each section'of the lining is composed ot individual construction blocks a,

one end block a2 of each segment only abut ting the end block of the next segment for the part of its depth extending inwardly from the outer periphery of the section. A

deformable insert b2 can be inserted between the endA blocks of each segment. l

If desired, the blocks al may be reinforced to have a greater compressive strength than the remaining blocks-of the segments as, for instance, by introducing the reinforcement w, .or thebloclrs may be made otastronger mix of concrete. The same may apply tothe blocks a2. proposed to construct linings of section seg- .Y

:0r if desired, several insertions b3 may be used as illustrated in the right hand bottom joint of the lining' shown in Fig. l.

j Figs. 2 and 3 each illustrate a lining con struction in which nondeformable members `g are inserted between the lining blocks in place of yielding insertions. These insertions have the same lspecific 4compressive strength as or higher compressive strength than the blocks, being for example produced from a better concrete mixture. The saidA .loo

. in the insertions are tapered towards the inner circumference of the lining, foi a part of their depth, to an extent greater than that determined by the angle 'a which the insertions subtend at the center, this taper being on one or both sides.V There is in consequence a wedge shaped gap a between the insertions g and the adjacent blocks and the insertion presents to the adjacent blocks a a surface at an angle thereto or an arcuate surface on which the blocks a are able to tilt inwardly and thus approach one another at their inner circumference. In order that the blocks of the lining shall be stressed over their entirel surface these insertions g are preferably arranged in pairs with the tapered portionsetowards each other (see Figs. 2 and 3, left hand side). Apart from that atV the inner circumference a small gap-z may be provided at the outer circumference also, as is also illustrated on the left hand side of Figs. 2 and 3, in order that the lining shall be able to yield/somewhat without destruction of the blocks at those places also where the blocks tend to approach one another at the outer circumference. lf necessary these insertions may also be set in an iron shoe c (Fig. fi) or the like. t Y

If a pressure acting uniformly from all directions is exerted onthe lining then the said lining resists the saine undeformed, that is without alteration lof shape, provided naturally that this uniformlyY acting pressure does not exceed a valuel corresponding to the compressive strength of the blocks. Y If on the other hand 'the lining is subjected to a non-uniform vpressure acting for` example direction of the arrow p (Fig. 2) or acting more strongly in that direct-ion and tending to force the lining inwardly at points of pressure then the lining can, as is the case when deformable insertions are employed, yield under this pressure by displacement inwardly, the blocks a. and the insertions g tilting towards each other. Consequently the insertions have the same effect as those described abo-ve which deformed on one side,

that is, they cause the lining blocks to be compressed over their full bearing area. even whenthe pressure acts in one dir-ection only and thus protect the saine against too high compressive stresses acting on one side thereof. q

1f the blocks a are provided with internal bonding increasing their coherence and disposed inside the individual ring or arch sections or with external armouring for the same purpose and providing that it is known that the lining will be subjected to pressure acting in one direction only without a counter-pressure acting in the opposite direction. so that the pressure acting on one side tends to force the whole lining in one direction, the bonding of the'blocls should be arranged, at the parts of the lining subjected to the said uni-directional pressure, on the inside, that is at or in the neighbourhood of the inner circuniferece of the lining and elsewhere at the outside, that is at or in the neighbourhood of the outer circumference of the lining. Unnecessary gaping of the blocks at the parts of the lining subjected to the rock pressure andV consequent too high edge .pressures on the .blocks at these points are prevented in this case by internally disposed bonding. Fig. 2 illustrated a. lining construction constructed on these principles, it being assumed that the ylining is subjected to a rock pressure acting inl the direction of the arrow p on the left hand side of Fig. 2. In this case the linin is given at this point a deformable 4bon ing disposed towards the inside, that is at or in the neighbourhood of the inner circumference and consisting for example of an iron insertion e and a concrete filling d connecting this insertion with the blocks a. Furthermore, the Hoor arch 'i of the lining is furnished with a bonding cl, c 'arranged'at the inner circumference of the lining and the rest of the lining with' a deformable bonding disposed at or in the neighbourhood of the outer circumference and consisting of an Viron insertion c and a concrete: filling d. The iron insertions e of the inner and outer portions of vthe bonding may, as is illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3, end abruptly.V To increase the capacity o-f the bonding for resisting tension the ends of-theiron vinsertions c may, as illustrated in Figs. 2 and o, overlap to a certain extent.' Y v lf, as is frequently the casein tunnel construction and sometimes also vin mine galleries, there is a rigid floor it is unnecessary for the bonding to be closed in itself to make .it capable of resisting tension; in this case it is suflicient for the two ends of ythelining, arch shaped only in'this'case, to be mounted: (Fig. 3) by means'of abutment blocks a, in the floor and to anchor the ends of the bon-ding el, c in the said abutment blocks. The lining is in this manner secured to the abutment blocks in such a manner as to be capable of resisting tension and the floor may. be said to form a continuation of the bonding forthe blocks. In the example illustrated in Fig. 3 it is assumed that a primary pressure p acts on one side .only of the lining and accordingly the bonding for the blocks is disposed, at the upper part of the arch section, atthe inner crcumference and for the rest at the outer crcumference .of the lining.

To venable the concrete of the blocks to take at the inside, or if necessary all the blocks,

may be furnished with radial reinforcement f. This is illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 inthe Vblocks having the bonding at the inside.

Instead of passing the bonding through iio the solid hinge-like insertions g or g it may be made to end before reaching the same or when the hinge-like insertions are employed it may end therein. This arrangement is illustrated in Fig. 4.

Such constructions of yielding or deformable lining are applicable with advantage not only to mine galleries, shafts, tunnels and the like, but also to the construction of underground chambers such as machine rooms.

What we cla-im as our invention is:

l. In a lining construction for underground Works, in combination, a plurality of sections, each comprising a plurality of segments built up of construction blocks, the end blocks of each segment abutting against each other only from their outside surfaces to a oint intermediately of their depth, whereby a hinge-like joint between the segments of each section is constituted.

2. In a lining construction as claimed in claim l wherein a yieldable insert is inserted between the non-abutting portions of the end blocks of adjacent segments.

3. In a lining construction as claimed in claim l wherein the end blocks of adjacent segments have a compressive strength greater than the remaining blocks.

4. In a lining construction for underground works, in combination, a plurality of sections, each comprising a plurality of segments built up of construction blocks, the end blocks of each segment abutting each other directly for a part only of their depth extending inwardly from the outer periphery of the section, and tensile stress resisting bonding means extending through the blocks of each section and disposed at least mainly in the vicinity of the outer periphery thereof.

In testimony whereof We affix our signatures.

HANNS SCHAEFER. HEINRICH SCHAEFER. 

